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Purpose: To describe the clinical outcomes of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) in patients with Pythium insidiosum keratitis following treatment with anti?pythium therapy (APT) consisting of linezolid and azithromycin. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records from May 2016 to December 2019 of patients with P. insidiosum keratitis was carried out. Patients who were treated with APT for a minimum of 2 weeks and then subsequently underwent TPK were included in the study. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, microbiology characteristics, and intraoperative details, postoperative outcomes were documented. Results: A total of 238 cases of Pythium keratitis were seen during the study period and 50 cases that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. The median of the geometric mean of the infiltrate was 5.6 mm (IQR 4.0–7.2 mm). The patients received topical APT for a median of 35 days (IQR 25–56) prior to surgery. The most common indication of TPK was worsening keratitis (41/50, 82%). No recurrence of infection was observed. An anatomically stable globe was noted in 49/50 eyes (98%). The median graft survival rate was 2.4 months. A clear graft was present in 10 eyes (20%) with a final median visual acuity of 20/125 after a median follow?up period of 18.4 months (IQR 11–26 months). Graft size of less than 10 mm [OR: 5.824 (CI:1.292?41.6), P = 0.02] was found to be significantly associated with a clear graft. Conclusion: Performing TPK following the administration of APT has good anatomical outcomes. A smaller graft of <10 mm was associated with a higher chance of graft survival
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Purpose: To assess the sensitivity of potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white (KOH+CFW) mount in the diagnosis of Pythium keratitis and concordance among microbiologists. Methods: Three microbiologists evaluated the microscopic images of KOH + CFW mounts of confirmed cases of Pythium and fungal keratitis seen between January 2019 and February 2021. The filaments were compared using specific differentiating features. The sensitivity and specificity of KOH + CFW in diagnosing Pythium infection were evaluated along with concordance among the microbiologists. Results: Sixty consecutive cases with confirmed growth of fungus or Pythium insidiosum (n = 29) were evaluated. The sensitivity of KOH + CFW in the correct identification of Pythium filaments ranged from 79.3% to 96.5% among three microbiologists. There was good interobserver (k = 0.76–0.90) and intraobserver (k = 0.70–0.97) agreements among three microbiologists. The differentiating findings (P < 0.0001) suggestive of Pythium filaments were the absence of septae in 23 (79.3%) and collapsed walls in 22 (75.9%) cases. Conclusion: KOH + CFW has good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of Pythium keratitis with good interobserver and intraobserver concordance.
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Purpose: The purpose is to assess the clinical and visual outcome after phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) procedure in eyes with prior penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for granular corneal dystrophy (GCD) and the time of performance of repeat PTK for recurrence. Methods: PTK was performed for visually significant recurrence: A reduction in best‑corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by >2 lines over BCVA before recurrence was considered as visually significant recurrence. Three eyes had amniotic membrane patch performed with PTK. The main outcome measures were a recurrence of GCD, clinical course, and visual outcome. Intervals between repeat PTK procedures were noted. Results: Six patients (n = 10 eyes; males: 4, mean age 39 ± 13.97 years) underwent PTK. The mean pachymetry before first PTK was 527.1 ± 34 microns. The mean duration between PKP and first PTK was 85.1 months (range: 37–108 months). Two and three PTK procedures were done for seven and five eyes, respectively. Mean duration between first and second and second and third PTK was 62.12 ± 34.41 and 42.8 ± 13.54 months respectively. The average cut depth was 43.66 ± 19.57, 75 ± 43.30 and 39 ± 19.79 microns after the first, second and third PTK procedures, respectively. All eyes had a corneal haze. Prefirst PTK mean BCVA was 20/200 and improved significantly after the first two PTK procedures to 20/40 and after the third PTK procedure to 20/32 (P < 0.001). Five eyes had hyperopia. One acute graft rejection was managed successfully at 5 months with medical therapy. Conclusion: Multiple PTK procedures can be performed safely with improved visual acuity in grafts without compromising graft survival.
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Context: This study was carried out as a part of an internal audit and is the largest series of patients having keratoglobus, published in the literature. Poor visual acuity of the patients indicates the blinding nature of the disease. Aims: We report our experience with patients having keratoglobus at a tertiary eye care center in India. Settings and Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: We analyzed adults and pediatric patients (<16 years) with keratoglobus, seen during 2008–2012. The age, gender, consanguinity, presenting ocular signs, ocular and systemic associations, visual acuity, corneal topography, and surgeries were documented. Results: Forty‑eight patients (mean age 22 ± 15 years, 31 males) having keratoglobus were analyzed. 21 patients (42 eyes) were <16 years. Twelve eyes (16 events) had positive history of trauma. The presenting clinical signs were corneal scars/scars of tear repair (15 eyes), hydrops, healed and acute (14 eyes) and corneal or globe rupture (9 eyes). Best‑corrected visual acuity was >20/40 in 6/42 (14.3%) pediatric eyes and 15/53 (28.30%) adults. Visual acuity ranging from counting of fingers to no light perception was noted in 20/53 (37.74%) adults and 21/42 (50%) pediatric patients; 13/20 (65%) with blue sclera and 8/22 eyes (36.37%) without blue sclera. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was present in one pediatric patient. Choroidal osteoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and retinal detachment were present in adults. Surgeries performed were corneal tear repair (5 eyes), tissue adhesive application (2 eyes), descematopexy (4 eyes) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK ‑ 8 eyes: Three had post‑PK glaucoma, graft failure‑one eye, 4 patients wore scleral lens ‑ prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem). Conclusions: About 50% of pediatric eyes (65% having blue sclera) had no functional vision. Trivial trauma was responsible for corneal rupture indicating need for protective glasses. About 50% patients had post‑PK glaucoma though grafts were clear.